Competency/Performance-Based Training Systems

Competency-based training is a systematic approach aimed at improving the teaching/learning process. By definition, competency-based training refers to a system whereby tasks or competencies are identified to define the content of training. Competency-based training may also be known as "performance-based training," "criterion-referenced training," "mastery learning," or "instructional systems design." Regardless of the label, the training process is essentially the same. Following is a list of essential concepts that must be understood and implemented for competency-based training to be successful.

• Competency-based training identifies what employees must know and do to successfully perform on the job, and assists them in acquiring those skills.
• Competency-based training is success-oriented. An underlying philosophy of this approach holds that almost anyone, given quality instruction and sufficient time, can master almost any task. The question then changes from "How many learners mastered each task?" to "How long did it take every learner to master every task?"
• Each instructional unit of competency-based training should contain specific objectives and standards for successful performance. Learners must demonstrate that all skills and knowledge have been mastered.
• Learning materials used in this process should identify, verify, and publish in advance of instruction the tasks (competencies) the learner is to learn and perform, the criteria by which the learner will be evaluated, and the conditions under which evaluation will occur.
• Since individuals learn at varying rates, many of the training activities are learner-oriented and self-paced whenever possible. An integral part of this instruction is feedback throughout the learning process, with opportunities for learners to correct their performance as they proceed.
• Competencies should be gained in small, learnable steps, until the learner becomes competent in the total concept. The learner is provided with enough time (within reason) to master one task before moving on to the next.
• Competency-based training requires accountability from learners. This means accountability for learning knowledge, for applying knowledge learned in the work setting, and for demonstrating the ability to perform specific tasks to a desired level.